THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE NILE VALLEY

For thousands of years the climate of Egypt has been extremely consistent. It's been bone dry.

More than other generally dry Mediterranean countries, Egypt is exceptionally dry due to the almost complete absence of a rainy season. This aridity has helped to perserve much of ancient Egypt's archeological remains. It also inspired the Egyptians to develop the art of mummification. And it leads to interesting speculations on the erosion patterns and age of the Great Sphinx.

Avergage Monthly Precipitation in Inches

From April to November the temperatures in Egypt are extremely hot with highs in July reaching above 110° Fahrenheit in the shade. The other four months can be fairly cool -- nightime temperatures may drop to near freezing. From mid-February to mid-June a hot southeast wind often creates huge dust storms that cover local plants. The rest of the year, a northwest wind lessens the extreme heat of the day.

The Mediterranean Sea influences Lower Egypt bringing a regular winter rainy season. The Upper Nile valley is much drier than the Delta, with little to no rain. The lack of seasons makes it much less swampy than the Delta.

Average High Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit

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